For every ton of P 2 O 5 produced as phosphoric acid five tons of dry mass phosphogypsum are produced This equates to an annual quantity of waste of 10 million tons Phosphogypsum is usually deposited in large stockpiles without any treatment [2 3 4] For decades the only way of recycling PG was by using it as an additive in agriculture
Phosphogypsum PG is a by product from the industry of phosphate fertilizer industry Approximately 5 tonnes of PG are generated for per ton of phosphoric acid production The accumulation of PG
In discussions on climate change we tend to focus on carbon dioxide CO 2 — the most dominant greenhouse gas produced by the burning of fossil fuels industrial production and land use However CO 2 is not the only greenhouse gas that is driving global climate change There are a number of others — methane nitrous oxide and trace gases such as the group of
China as a large agricultural country consumes large quantities of phosphate fertilizers every year In 2005 the phosphate fertilizer production of China ranked the first in the world; in 2012 it reached million tons P 2 O 5 and occupied about 40% of worldwide production The production of phosphate fertilizer cannot be accomplished without phosphoric
Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts
Phosphogypsum PG is a bulk industrial solid waste of wet process phosphoric acid production Every ton of phosphoric acid production generates as many as 4 6 tons of PG including more than 90% of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O a small amount of phosphorus fluorine organic matter oxides heavy metals radioactive substances and other impurities that have serious
Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of phosphorus fertilizer that is typically stacked near production sites Phosphogypsum contains trace elements and naturally occurring radioactive materials which may be hazardous to the surrounding environment Phosphogypsum stack reclamation typically involves placing a soil cap and seeding grass to create a barrier for
A sodium doped phosphogypsum based hemihydrate whisker omongwaite was synthesized via hydrothermal method within an hour under atmospheric pressure and the influence of omongwaite on the hydration mechanism of supersulfated cement SSC was studied Isothermal calorimetry X ray diffraction XRD and field emission scanning electron
Globally approximately 5 6 billion t of PG are accessible for processing Haneklaus et al 2022 Finding an inexpensive way to sort and process the vast amounts of stacked PG is a challenge
Emission factors were calculated by field and laboratory experiments and the brines exhibited the highest emission factor kg/ha day PG management is a worldwide issue considering that the annual production is estimated to be between 100 and 280 · 10 6 t Parreira et al higher than those reported for other European countries
The world s annual production of phosphogypsum PG is up to 200 million tons at present It has attracted much attention because of the advantages of large consumption of PG and achieving zero emissions Then UK France Poland South Africa and other countries successively developed natural gypsum hard gypsum and PG as the raw
Emission factors were calculated by field and laboratory experiments and the brines exhibited the highest emission factor kg/ha day PG management is a worldwide issue considering that the annual production is estimated to be between 100 and 280 · 10 6 t Parreira et al higher than those reported for other European countries
Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum Hanan Tayibi Aurora López Delgado in Journal of Environmental Management 2009 Phosphogypsum PG is a waste by product from the processing of phosphate rock by the wet acid method of fertiliser production which currently accounts for over 90% of phosphoric acid production World PG production is
Those phosphogypsum reuse practices based on nonrenewable resources/energy source inputs caused conflict between waste reduction and carbon emission reduction The air density is kg/m 3 and the water density is kg/L; W i is the annual emission of the i th air/water pollutant kg ; τ H represents the annual emergy use per
Phosphogypsum PG a hard to dissipate by product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship In this study we review the presence of potentially toxic elements PTEs in PG
The problem of recycling and storage of phosphogypsum is topical for many countries around the world as it is associated with environmental problems of pollution of water bodies land and atmosphere Therefore this paper analyzes the directions of phosphogypsum recycling and possible alternatives to its use The main disadvantages of the existing methods
OCP the state owned Moroccan phosphate rock mining company and phosphoric acid manufacturer wants to stop the practice of seawater phosphogypsum disposal in the near future [9] and is actively
Do Rates and Splitting of Phosphogypsum Applications Influence the Soil and Annual Crops in a No Tillage System 2008; Nunes et al 2014 Since in Brazil and other South American countries NT is used uninterruptedly there is no periodic soil tillage the accumulation of crop residues in the topsoil and the addition of lime and
Phosphogypsum PG a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material TENORM IAEA 2003 is a by product of phosphoric acid production from rock phosphate a process that underpins inorganic P fertiliser production for food production is currently dependent on inorganic P fertilisers so there has
Phosphogypsum PG is a by product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts
Phosphogypsum is the term used for the gypsum by product of wet acid production of phosphoric acid from rock phosphate It is essentially hydrated CaSO 4 with small proportions of P F Si Fe Al several minor elements heavy metals and radionuclides as appears to be good source of S and Ca for crops
It is proposed that carrying out the research on key common technology innovation of comprehensive utilization and source emission reduction technology of phosphogypsum realizing the harmless resource based and high value utilization of phosphogypsum
At present the annual emissions of phosphogypsum PG worldwide exceed 300 million tons but the overall resource utilization rate is only about 10% [23] [24] In order to solve the problem of phosphogypsum PG pollution in recent years phosphogypsum PG has been used as a sulfate activator to prepare supersulfated cement namely
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