The dilute suspension is fed into the thickener to obtain high concentration underflow under the effect of gravity and flocculation Lee et al 2014 and the effluent flow can be recycled in the beneficiation Additionally the accurate control of a solid fraction of underflow in thickeners is important because variations in these fractions
This is why the terms thick concentrated and high viscosity and thin dilute and low viscosity are used as qualitative descriptions of the viscosity of liquid systems Many thickeners form weakly cohesive colloidal structures which can exist as solutions suspensions or gels when dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid medium
Belt thickeners have a slightly higher power consumption than gravity thickeners They have a moderately high capture rate which can be kept constant Very wide throughput capacity Lower recycling ratios indicate a more efficient system and vice versa Ross et al 2000 High recycling ratio values are generally avoided mainly because
Combined with other system parameters the use of just enough flocculant can be ensured minimising flocculant usage and optimising process costs Depending on the process this measurement can be made using high accuracy Coriolis mass flow instruments or more economical volumetric electro magnetic flow meters
Paste thickeners thicken tailings to higher underflow solids concentrations than conventional and high rate thickeners For example a tailings stream in an iron ore application could be thickened to 45 50 percent solids Newtonian slurry in conventional or high rate thickeners A high rate thickener dewaters the bulk of copper moly
Belt thickeners have a slightly higher power consumption than gravity thickeners They have a moderately high capture rate which can be kept constant Very wide throughput capacity Lower recycling ratios indicate a more efficient system and vice versa Ross et al 2000 High recycling ratio values are generally avoided mainly because
In general the underflow produced by the DCT has a yield stress of over 100 Pa which is much higher than those of the underflow produced by the conventional high rate thickeners 20−30 Pa and
controllers in plant control systems Based on our experiences from Concentrate thickeners Thickened tailings Paste thickeners CCD loops Partner for positive change Metso Outotec Töölönlahdenkatu 2 FI 00100 Helsinki Finland tel 358 20 484 100 fax 358 20 484 101
Obtaining pulps with suitable concentrations for example raising the percentage of solids in an iron ore pulp from 45 to 70% to be pumped through a pipeline concentration thickeners; Thickening of tailings with a high concentration of solids for more efficient transportation and disposal tailings thickeners;
The thickening and clarification systems from ANDRITZ Delkor Pty Ltd make use of state of the art sedimentation technology to offer an efficient and reliable solid liquid separation unit for a variety of applications Phosphoric acid clarifiers 30 m
A customer had multiple coal types that were processed through the preparation plant Some of the coal types had different settling characteristics which affected tailings thickener efficiency and the clarometer instrument that tested settling rates in the incoming feed well failed from time to time which meant that the floccing rate changed and the
Conventional thickener high capacity high density cone depth multi part and lamella are examples of thickeners being 4 Improvements in thickener process performance typically include efforts directed at improving the feed system from upstream of the thickener through to the feedwell How
Food thickeners are obtained from different natural raw material sources which include land marine plants microorganisms and animal connective tissues Fig 1 Animal derived gelatin chitosan and isinglass fermentation produced xanthan curdlan and gellan plant fragments pectin cellulose seaweed extracts carrageenan agar and alginate seed
High density thickeners HDT are designed to use gravity and compression and minimize the amount of liquor in the underflow thus minimizing the number of CCD stages
Lamella thickeners are high rate thickeners that use a series of angled impact plates to increase settling rates The problems for the clients thickener were When the bed level came up to high and entered the plate region the efficiency of the thickener dropped The bed would sometimes break up and flow over into the launders
Permanent shear stability high temperature/high shear viscosity and in use used oil viscosity could not be identified as having a significant effect on automobile oil economy of the SAE 5W 40
The Ok Tedi mine operated by Ok Tedi Mining Limited OTML is a major producer of copper concentrate for the world s smelting market yielding some 600 000 tonnes of high grade copper concentrate a year and 500 000oz of gold They are hydraulically driven high efficiency planetary reducers driving each pinion and in turn the ring
6 Thickeners Thickeners are a type of industrial equipment used for separating solids from liquid in a wide range of applications such as densifying product for efficient processing countercurrent decantation CCD washing clarifying wastewater streams and tailings management in mining and aggregate processing applications
The phenomena that determine the efficiency of particle flocculation depends on the physicochemical properties of the flocculant molecular weight structure functionality and its operational
High Rate Thickeners are designed to maximize the flocculation efficiency self dilution and settling rates High rate thickeners are designed to provide high underflow concentration with smaller diameter The high velocity feed is split to two compartments with opposite tangential inlets that are positioned in two
system Designing a high density system requires an overall systems approach as there is strong dependence between the disposal site requirements pumping requirements and preparation facilities A typical example that illustrates this is that high density systems are often considered when additional storage capacity is needed for a given site
High torque planetary gearbox Accurate torque measurement including a high torque audible and visual alarm with over torque trip for mechanism protection in the event of ultra high torque conditions High efficiency feedwell adjustable feed dilution system Ability to monitor and/or operate via Scada if so desired
dependence ofthe flux curve on the system feed flux At a given feed flux there was good agreement between the solids flux curve determined by the method and continuous sedimentation results The widely used method of Kynch was found to be restricted to relatively high effective feed fluxes and consequently
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