Montmorillonite MMT having special property of hydration expansion can be easily exfoliated into two dimensional 2D nanosheets which are the promising blocks for making multifunctional
To investigate the mechanism of 2 hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride LHDJ inhibiting hydration swelling of montmorillonite MMT the adsorption of LHDJ on dry and hydrated MMT surfaces was studied based on Density Functional Theory DFT It is found that LHDJ can be adsorbed stably on the MMT 001 surface and internal surfaces under dry conditions The
The four kinds of raw bentonite ore are from Weifang Mt1 Liaoning Mt3 and Inner Mongolia Mt2 Mt4 of China respectively The four kinds of raw bentonite ore used in this work were first purified by natural sedimentation in laboratory the −2 μm fraction in the suspension was collected and dried at 90 °C in a drying four kinds of purified
Montmorillonite MMT having special property of hydration expansion can be easily exfoliated into two dimensional 2D nanosheets which are the promising blocks for making multifunctional nanocomposites
This work captures the evolution of interaction energies in the interlayer of Na montmorillonite swelling clay with increasing hydration and provides insight into swelling mechanisms This work shows the important role of bound water and clay Na interactions during swelling to stabilize clay structure during hydration
The reason for the expansion of Sr montmorillonite as in the presence of other cations can be conditionally divided into two expansion of the interlayer space under the action of the Sr 2 hydration shell and expansion due to the entry of a certain amount of water molecules to fill the remaining interlayer volume [53] Comparison of Mg
are different the degree of inhibition of sodium montmorillonite hydration expansion is different; when the degree of hydration is different different potassium Salt inhibitors have different inhibitory effects Migration characteristics of interlayer materials
Swelling clays are known to exhibit crystalline swelling at the layer scale ∼ nm X Ray Diffraction XRD identifies discrete jumps in inter layer spacing upon change in relative humidity RH corresponding to the thickness of a water layer Continuum theories are not adapted to describe systems at the scale of a few water molecules and much effort has been
This causes an increase in the distance between layers thereby triggering the expansion characteristics of montmorillonite [71] [72] [73] Consequently when the content of montmorillonite in conglomerates is high gravel particles are prone to loosening and clay mineral particles may dislodge leading to damage to the conglomerates
The hydration expansion of montmorillonite is inhibited by 2 3 epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride NW 1⁺ The adsorption behaviors of NW 1⁺ on Na 001 None 001 and internal surfaces of
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Montmorillonite is the main factor affecting the settling performance of coal slime water static settling tests and pressure filtration experiments were designed to study inhibition of potassium ions on hydration swelling of mont morillonite Volume expansion of montmorillonite in deionized water is 2 3 times greater than the original volume of dry powder while the volume expansion
eral layer whereas Arizona montmorillonite contains octahedral substitutions only at the center of the mineral layer and Wyoming montmorillonite is intermediary most of ten with 2/3 of octahedral substitutions and 1/3 of tetrahedral substitutions In this work we simulate Na Wyoming montmorillonite which corresponds to the intermediary
The hydration characteristics of shale are closely related to the composition of clay minerals the shale with high illite content is not susceptible to hydration and thus has limited room for pore structure improvement; the shale with high montmorillonite is susceptible to hydration expansion and thus has higher potential of pore structure
The swelling property of smectite is dominated by the hydration of exchangeable cations in the interlayer spacing interlayer hydration By investigating systematically the swelling behavior of various exchangeable cations with different valences and ionic radii the interlayer hydration of smectite was explored The swelling behavior of Li K Rb Cs
For research into the performance of montmorillonite gel predecessors have done much work For example Sun Hongjuan et al [10] studied the effect of interlayer metal cations monovalent and divalent cations on the structure and hydration expansion properties of was found that the interlayer metal cations have a small radius and high
The model framework for Montmorillonite Mt was generated from a pyrophyllite crystal structure A number of Mt models were investigated with a selection of charge locations and two exchange cations Na Ca 2 The network of negative layer charge was created by substituting Mg 2 for Al 3 in the octahedral sheet giving rise to octahedral charge Oh or Al
A number of studies have examined the hydration behaviors of montmorillonite with Na and K ; however assessments of smectite species other than montmorillonite the dehydration behaviors of smectites and NH 4 saturated smectites have been limited Most homo ionized montmorillonite exhibits common hydration behavior Sato et al 1992
The presence of CPAM is destined to occupy the surface space of montmorillonite so the peak value of the first hydration layer on the surface of montmorillonite will be significantly reduced as shown in Fig 5 b and d It is worth noting that the position of the Na MMT hydration layer is roughly the same as the trimethylamine group in
： Instable borehole wall is one of the most complex technical problems for oil and gas exploration and stability of borehole walls depends on the composition and properties of clay minerals in rocks particularly the hydration expansion
The hydration radius of these ions can exceed nm [44] contributing further to the hydration expansion of MMT [45] As the hydration level increases the interlayer spacing of MMT expands reaching nm nm nm and nm for one two three and four layers of water molecules respectively [46] This expansion weakens the
The research results of Z density distribution of water molecules Hw hydrogen in water molecules and Ca in the interlayer of montMorillonite show that the hydration properties of montmorillonite are closely related to its layer charge density Expand
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