Smelting is used primarily on saprolite ores to obtain an iron nickel alloy ferronickel FeNi Nickel Pig Iron NPI while HPAL is used primarily to process limonite or for higher purity end products dry reduce and smelt Saprolite ore is the normal feed but limonite ores can also be smelted Most facilities follow the process
In pyrometallurgy process involving drying calcination and reductive smelting steps Saprolite ore is subjected in an electric arc furnace to produce Fe Ni alloy and Ni matte To optimize the nickel smelting step the slag consisted of MgO SiO2 FeO and having a lower viscosity and high fluidity is required In this study a number of new slag samples with varied
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Improved beneficiation of nickel and iron from a low grade saprolite laterite by addition of limonitic laterite ore and CaCO3" by Hongyu Tian et al In the selective reduction process of lateritic nickel ore the formation of the liquidus phase could be obtained by increasing the temperature and additive
Although independent of each other the chemical weathering process that generated the supergene iron ore saprolite and the pedogenic process that formed the canga ferricrete are interrelated The canga cover protects the iron ore from erosion which allows the development of thick weathering profiles and large supergene ore bodies
The effects of pickling waste liquor leaching parameters including acid concentration leaching temperature and time liquid solid ratio and iron ion concentration on leaching efficiency for Fe Ni Mg Mn and Co from saprolite laterite ore and the molar ratio R Fe/M of iron ions to divalent metal ions such as Ni 2 Mn 2 Mg 2 etc in
C Type of laterite is used which has high iron saprolite and low iron content limonite Reaction time varied 30 60 and 90 minutes The reduction of nickel during reduction is The degree of reduction of laterite samples at various temperatures and the time of the reduction process of saprolite ore and limonite samples shown on figure 3
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Study of selective reduction in lateritic nickel ore Saprolite versus limonite" by F Nurjaman et al Skip to search form Skip to Numerous studies have demonstrated that Na2SO4 can significantly inhibit the reduction of iron oxide in the selective reduction process of laterite nickel ore FeS generated
The Tonkolili banded iron formations BIF Sierra Leone host extensive iron ore deposits which are of economic signifi cance to the seaborne iron ore trade The deposits are dominated by a strategic JORC compliant mineral resource of Bt grading per cent Fe comprised of primary magnetite mineralisation in the form of a fresh metamorphosed BIF featuring a uniform
RKEF smelting is widely used in ferronickel production to treat saprolite laterite ore The RKEF process is a two stage pyrometallurgical process that involves the calcination and the partial reduction of the saprolite ore in a rotary kiln followed by high temperature smelting in an electric arc The final product is a ferronickel
To improve beneficiation of nickel and iron from low grade saprolite laterite with wt %Ni and wt %Fe co reduction with limonitic laterite ore and basicity optimization were adopted as
How to reduce the energy consumption of the rotary kiln electric furnace RKEF process has become an important issue for the stainless steel industry The aim of this study is to reduce the energy consumption of ferronickel production from saprolite nickel laterite in the RKEF process The effects of the slag binary basicity FeO content and Cr2O3 content on
Saprolite Ni ore has been mainly smelted by Elkem process using an electric furnace Whereas an improved rotary kiln process referred to as Nippon Yakin Oheyama Process 2 enables ferro nickel to be produced by a nearly equivalent cost However it has the disadvantages of a poor recovery and complicated process Moreover the great
Saprolite ore includes alkaline minerals that are able to neutralise the PLS leading to precipitation of iron present in the PLS Under appropriate conditions aluminium may also be precipitated Acid that is generated during the iron and aluminium precipitation is consumed by the saprolite and assists in leaching nickel and cobalt from it hence maximising the use of acid in the process
The extraction of nickel from laterite ore using the Caron Process essentially involves reduction roasting of the ore and ammoniacal leaching of the reduced ore Caron 1950 The purpose of the reduction roast ing process is to reduce nickel from its various oxide forms predominantly NiO in solid solution in com
As is well known the process of direct reduction and magnetic separation is effective route to deal with low grade saprolite laterite but generally limited by the reduction of nickel iron
carbonate precipitate Residues generated in the process are co disposed with leached residue The heap leach solution circuit incorporates a patented iron removal/acid regeneration unit process Preliminary studies are based on treating saprolite ore to produce 15 000 t/a nickel GMA are undertaking a DFS program including bulk column leaching
The result showed a high MgO/SiO 2 ratio in saprolite generates the iron nickel magnesium silicate which was difficult to reduce rather than the iron nickel oxide in limonite Thus saprolite generates lower nickel recovery than limonite More additives and high temperature reduction is required in the reduction process of saprolite for
The HPAL process provides high recoveries for nickel and cobalt with moderate acid consumption if the ore contains a small amount of magnesium; residual iron is low in the pregnant leaching solution PLS which simplifies downstream and the ammonia leaching used the roasting product by mixing limonite saprolite which can make more impurities in
In the Carajás Mineral Province gossan formation and lateritization have produced numerous supergene orebodies at the expense of IOCG deposits and host rocks The Alvo 118 deposit comprises massive and disseminated hypogene copper sulfides associated with gossan and mineralized saprolites The hypogene reserves are 170 Mt with 1% Cu and
Southeast Asia has great potential for mineral exploration and this region is well known to host huge economic ore deposits located in complex tectonic terranes Amongst these ore deposits the Ni Co laterite deposits are mainly distributed in Indonesia the Philippines and Myanmar There are two main types of Ni Co laterite deposits consisting of hydrous Mg
this process needs high energy and can be efficient in regions with cheap electric power One of the promising trends for ferronickel rolling direction from saprolite ores is the bloomery process where almost all energy is generated by coal [1 3] In this process a charge which consists of ore flux addi
The iron ore used in direct reduction process has low content of Fe 53%≤ Fe and also does not need heat energy to reform natural gas so that the energy used efficiently
The Tonkolili banded iron formations BIF Sierra Leone host extensive iron ore deposits which are of economic signifi cance to the seaborne iron ore trade The deposits are dominated by a strategic JORC compliant mineral resource of Bt grading per cent Fe comprised of primary magnetite mineralisation in the form of a fresh metamorphosed BIF featuring a uniform
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