Globally the building and construction sector represents the single most important source of human natural resource consumption Additionally the construction industry contributes roughly 39 % of energy related global carbon dioxide emissions United Nations 2021 and is responsible for 35 % of global waste disposed in landfills with related
Construction and demolition waste C&DW recycling products have drawn worldwide attention over the past few decades There is a general agreement among researchers that C&DW recycling is an important means for curbing the deterioration of the environment Previous papers mainly focused on the decision making behavior of dual stakeholders or
Although recycling and re use are good alternatives to waste disposal in Europe and the USA for example only 30% of the total CDW volume is consigned to recycling [13] This rate is even lower in some countries such as China 5% [7] and Portugal 9% [14] In Brazil a survey carried out in 2011 showed that CDW recycling plants operating at maximum capacity
The construction industry is an important economic sector that has a large environmental impact in terms of natural resources extraction energy consumption pollutants release greenhouse gases emissions and amount of waste generated [1] Hence promoting and practicing sustainability in construction can help preserve the planet s ecosystems conserve
Construction and demolition C&D waste is one of the largest waste flows in the world Several research investigate that C&D waste has reached 30 40% of the total solid waste because of the large scale construction and demolition activities resulting from the accelerated urbanization and city rebuilding Akhtar and Sarmah 2018 Jin et al 2017 Zhao et al 2010
At present China has not yet formed an effective development model for the industrialization of construction waste The level of construction waste treatment and resource utilization is still low and recycled products also lack market competitiveness In order to promote the effective development of the remanufactured construction and demolition waste supply
The debris that is produced in demolition of these structures are in huge amount and disposal of this Construction and Demolition C&D waste in sustainable manner is the biggest challenge today
A large quantity of construction and demolition C&D waste is generated every year much of which has the potential to be recycled EC 2016 For example over 10 billion tons of C&D waste are generated worldwide every year among which the United States contributes about 700 million tons Jain et al 2015 ; the European Union contributes over 800 million tons
The USA and China both are large economies that are facing challenges in CD waste management Due to rapid construction business and urbanization growth of the world s annual estimated CD waste about 30% comes from the USA EPA 2018a and for China it is about 30% 40% Jin et al 2017b; Yuan et al 2012 In 2014 the assessed CD waste
Recycling construction and demolition waste is profitable and environmental way to produce aggregates and reuse valuable materials that would otherwise be disposed Processing the waste near the worksites also reduces the need for truck transportation resulting in lower logistics costs
Construction and demolition waste recycling in developed countries is governed by legislation and policy so that recycling rates have long exceeded 90% Almost 90% of such waste has been recycled in Australia Japan s recycling rate in 2012 is % and Singapore has shown the highest recycling rate of %
Keywords Construction and demolition waste · Sustainable development · Recycling · Environmental impact assessment · And climate change Introduction The construction industry is the largest and fastest grow ing industry in the world due to the increase in population standards of living and the higher demand for infrastructure This fast
The reasons to recycle construction and demolition C&D wastes are simple but compelling 1 Construction and demolition wastes are one of the largest waste streams in the country 2 Almost all job site wastes are recyclable 3 It costs less usually much less to recycle job site wastes than to throw them away One Of The Largest Waste
Recycled aggregates RA from construction and demolition waste CDW instead of natural aggregates NA were analysed in the manufacture of new eco friendly concrete Fine FRA and coarse CRA recycled aggregates were used in different percentages as substitutes of natural sand and gravel respectively The results revealed that the use of RA
Zhao W Leeftink RB Rotter S 2010 Evaluation of the economic feasibility for the recycling of construction and demolition waste in China—the case of Chongqing Resour Conserv Recy 54 377 389 Article Google Scholar Download references
In the recent two decades construction and demolition C&D waste is becoming a major source of municipal waste which causes severe damage to the environment To solve the problem waste recycling measures are gradually used to turn waste into treasures Meanwhile several kinds of policies such as waste disposal charging fees have been issued to
Recycled aggregates RA from construction and demolition waste CDW instead of natural aggregates NA were analysed in the manufacture of new eco friendly concrete Fine FRA and coarse CRA recycled aggregates were used in different percentages as substitutes of natural sand and gravel respectively The results revealed that the use of RA
Erratum 17 January 2012 The case study Recycling power poles into high value timber products on page 34 of the Construction and Demolition Waste Guide incorrectly attributes the development of protocols for recycling redundant utility poles and bridge timbers in NSW to Kennedy s Timber Energex and the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage
Tam and Lu [23] have done a comparative analysis of the construction waste management profiles practices and performance in Australia Europe Hong Kong and the United Kingdom The analysis showed that Hong Kong generates about million tons of construction and demolition waste per year whereas China generates more than two billion
Wood waste is by far the largest portion of the waste stream generated from construction and demolition activities Treated Wood Waste Wood treated with chemicals for preservation against insects microbes etc may need to be managed using alternative methods CalRecycle has an LEA guidance on treated wood waste handling Processing
Homogeneous samples of concrete waste CoW ceramic waste CeW and red clay brick waste RCBW from construction and demolition waste CDW were crushed and classified based on their fineness as recycled powders and recycled fine aggregates RFA Fig 1 As highlighted by Duan et al Duan et al 2020 the significance of using clean wastes
In commercial sectors waste streams can derive from; clean waste homogenous waste diverted straight to recycling for economic and environmental benefits Zhang et al 2015 ; waste used as by products of value in a totally different context such as jarosite in concrete Mehra et al 2016a Mehra et al 2016b ; mixed waste that ends up in resorting or landfilled
Introducing the concept of circular economy based on the 3R principles to achieve closed loop management of C&D waste is an inevitable trend in construction waste management research Soyinka et al 2022 As a novel economic and industrial paradigm the circular economy suggests that C&D waste be treated as a resource Sumter et al 2020
Globally the amount of construction and demolition waste CDW generated is predicted to be around 35% with most of it sent to landfills without being treated Menegaki and Damigos 2018
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