The dependence on iron ore has increased from 40 % in 2000 to 80 % in 2015 Li et al 2018 Chromite is widely used in metallurgy refractory material and chemical industry Tian et al 2022 Zhao et al 2017 and typical limonitic laterite ores from Indonesia were used as raw material the behavior of chromium during the smelting
Stainless steel crude alloy recovery from direct smelting of low grade chromite nickel laterite and manganese ores was investigated The mixed low grade ores were directly smelted in an elevator furnace at smelting temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1600 °C Smelting experiments were conducted in a laboratory elevator furnace equipped with 8 U shaped high
In this paper low grade limonitic nickel laterite and chromite were synergistically utilized via the hybrid sintering process pellet sintering process for high quality Ni Cr sinter preparation and great carbon emission reduction Under the optimum process conditions Ni Cr sinter indices were substantially improved in the pellet sintering process Tumble index and
Lu et al [40] studied the effect of sodium sulfate addition on the hydrogen reduction of nickel laterite ore A low grade Indonesian nickel laterite ore containing % Ni % Fe % MgO and % SiO2 was used in the experiments Reagent grade sodium sulfate was used as an additive and H2 reduction was conducted
Smelting Processes Different chromite and laterite mixtures for reduction smelting were selected on the bases of possibly obtaining higher amounts of chromium and nickel in the metal and Figure 1 Point locations of the ore compositions in the MgO Al2O3 SiO2 Ternary phase diagram at 1 atmospheric pressure
Agacayak and Zedef 2014 leached a laterite from the Karaçam ore deposit in Turkey using HNO 3 and extracted > 90% of the Ni using an acid concentration of M and a temperature of 80 • C
Abstract The mineralogical characterization and occurrence of target elements in limonitic laterite from Africa was comprehensively studied by X ray diffraction XRD scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum SEM EDS and optical microscope OM measurements The results suggest that laterite ore has a complex internal structure In the limonitic laterite
Keywords Direct smelting Flux Nickel laterite ore Chromite ore Manganese ore Reductant Low grade coal Stainless steel crude alloy 1 Introduction Stainless steel which contains iron chromium and often nickel and other elements is an alloy with applications ranging from household cutlery to reactor tanks for the chemical industry [1]
Lu et al [40] studied the effect of sodium sulfate addition on the hydrogen reduction of nickel laterite ore A low grade Indonesian nickel laterite ore containing % Ni % Fe % MgO and % SiO2 was used in the experiments Reagent grade sodium sulfate was used as an additive and H2 reduction was conducted
grade and composition of chromite and laterite ores are the main factors to produce the alloy The smelting of 10 13% SCO chromite ore and 87 90% LIM laterite ore produced alloys with average iron nickel and chromium content about 82% % and % respectively at an average iron nickel and chromium recovery of 98% 97% and 87%
The laterite nickel ore used in this work was bought from Sulawesi Indonesia As displayed in Figure 1a the raw laterite nickel ore exhibits a texture resembling clay with lumps and a considerable amount of moisture making it lack representativeness for sampling the laterite nickel ore directly To address this the raw laterite nickel ore
mentarity of stainless steel dust and nickel laterite ore The purpose of this study is as follows Based on the carbon thermal synergistic reduction of stainless steel dust laterite nickel ore was added and the eect of laterite nickel ore
alloy by smelting process of waste chromite ore fines using plasma smelting route The subject of this work is to study the effect of plasma environment charge chemistry and plasma exposure time on the recovery of chromium and nickel from chromite ore and absorption of nitrogen from the plasma environment 2 Experimental Materials The
Chromium Cr is a transition metal widely used in various industrial processes metallurgical refractory and chemical for its resistance to impact and corrosion Kotaś and Stasicka 2000 It occurs in two common oxidation states III and VI where Cr III is an essential nutrient at a tolerable daily intake EU 2011; EFSA 2014 involved in the metabolism of
Laterite nickel ore as a kind of low basicity low grade and refractory ore also has the problems of low metal yield and high energy consumption in the smelting 39 In this study stainless steel dust was used as the raw material and laterite nickel ore was used as an additive to adjust the basicity of the slag component in the
tigated the ef fect of calcini ng of an Indonesia n Ni laterite ore % NiO bef ore magnetic se paration at vari ous pulp densi ties and calci nation tempera tures
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Development of ferro nickel smelting from laterite in Japan" by K Ishii The enrichment of Ni from a low grade saprolitic laterite ore which has been pre treated by high pressure grinding roller The management of huge volumes of overburden at chromite mines is a concern and there is a need to make
At 1600°C and 3 h of smelting satisfactory recoveries of the metals within the alloy were observed showing further that the charge mixture containing 15% chromite ore 85% saprolite type nickel
Lu et al studied the effect of sodium sulfate addition on the hydrogen reduction of nickel laterite ore A low grade Indonesian nickel laterite ore containing % Ni % Fe % MgO and % SiO 2 was used in the experiments Reagent grade sodium sulfate was used as an additive and H 2 reduction was conducted In each run 1 kg of
Indonesia s nickel ore reserves in 2021 were recorded at 5 million wmt with 1 970 million wmt having a nickel content of less than % while 2 million wmt had a nickel content of greater than or equal to % Keskinkilic E 2019 Nickel laterite smelting processes and some examples of recent possible modifications to the
Selective Reduction of Laterite Nickel Ore Sungging Pintowantoro and Fakhreza Abdul East Java 60111 Indonesia Nickel is an important metal in the industry To obtain nickel metal the extraction process from nickel ore should be conducted Recently nickel ore was calcined at 1000°C and then smelting is carried out in Electric
Chromite and laterite ores from local sources were smelted in a vertical tube furnace with activated carbon as reducing agent at 1400°C to 1550°C using graphite crucible under argon atmosphere It is shown that the grade and composition of the ore are the main factors determining the feasibility of smelting a mixture of chromite and laterite ores to produce a Fe Ni
Most lateritic nickel resources occur within a band about 22 degrees of latitude either side of the equator Fig 1 and the giant and in some cases highest grade deposits are concentrated in
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