Liu et al 2016 used FLAC 3D to simulate the mining process of the hanging wall and orebody at the Yanqianshan Iron Mine in China Eberhardt et al 2007 compared the application of FLAC 3D and
Caving mining methods are not new This ultimate underground mass mining approach has been practiced around the world for more than a century It is true however that cave mining and more specifically block and panel caving methods which are said to have productivity and unit costs comparable to deep open pit
INTRODUCTION Sublevel mining is a mass mining method based upon the utilization of gravity flow of the blasted ore and the caved overlying waste rock mass As with any other mining method sublevel caving has advantages and dis¬advantages which must be carefully considered and evaluated The major advantages of sublevel caving are dis¬cussed as follows Because
Topic 7 Underground Mining Methods Longwall Sublevel Caving Block Caving Hassan Z Harraz hharraz2006 2014 2015 This material is intended for use in lectures presentations and as handouts to students and is provided in Power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors
A traditional block caving mine considers the development of an undercut level that allows blocky or veined rock masses to fracture fail and unravel when the undercut area is large enough Once caving initiates the rock mass progressively fails when induced stresses overcome the rock mass strength and when fractured rock masses unravel under gravity into
Back Caving into Chutes There is another principle that should be mentioned under mining methods It is called back caving into chutes or chute caving and in some ways resembles block caving The description of a mine employing this principle is given in Mining Without Timber by Brinsmade p 181
Hence such utilisation of underground mass mining methods can result in the formation of large scale disturbances of the overburden strata and thus large scale ground collapse frequently occurs above mined out 6 7 10 16 Jinshandian Iron ore Mine is one of the underground metal mines using this sub level caving method without sill
It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shearer mounted on conveyor operating underneath a series of self advancing hydraulic roof supports Almost the entire process can be automated
Sub Level Cave SLC Mines have the most intensive blasting process of all the mining methods as generally one or two rings are fired at a time at each draw point in order to maximise recovery and
Since the 1970s the sublevel stoping mining method Fig 1 has been an open stope mining method with relatively advanced technology high mechanization and efficiency reasonable safety and low loss for the application of trackless excavating equipment in the main features include 1 The stage height is 40 60 m and can be classified
production costs and safety 5 excellent so we can say that the application of the method of mining Sub Level Caving SLC influences significantly improve the recovery of ore at Azulcocha mine of conception Industrial keywords Sub Level Caving mass mining mineral recovery
The mining method used will depend on the characteristics of the orebody particularly thickness
The caving method is a large scale mining method with low cost and high efficiency widely used in China s metal mines The ore output of the caving method takes up about 35% of the total ore output and there is a tendency to increase
Block Caving 2 Underground Mining Machinery Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches versatile in mining operations Main levels are arranged for main haulage and connection between underground key stoping area for production Raises and winzes are either vertical or sub vertical openings driven between one level and another or the
It s also proved that application of RFPA2D in sub level caving mining can do great help to study the nature of top coal s displacement fragmentation and failure process of extra thick coal seams Key technologies and equipment for a fully mechanized top coal caving operation with a large mining height at ultra thick coal seams Jinhu
Synopsis Caving is the lowest cost underground mining method provided that the drawpoint spacing drawpoint size and ore handling facilities are designed to suit the caved material and that the
There are a number of solutions developed for caving to design model evaluate block caving and sub level caving projects including • Location and footprint of the caving mine Analytics and simulations can help determine caving method and extraction points can be designed carefully to cause excessive stress and damage
Sub Level Caving SLC is a multivariable optimisation problem The primary objective in this study is to quantify dilution and recovery in longitudinal sublevel caving and identify the variability that occurs in the draw Draw and grade data from the Big Bell Gold mine was manipulated to analyse recovery dilution and
5 Longwall Stoping Longwall stoping is applicable to bedded deposits of uniform shape limited thickness and large horizontal extension a coal seam a potash layer or the reef the bed of quartz pebbles exploited by gold mines in South Africa It is a caving method particularly well adapted to relatively flat lying thin planar deposits or horizontal
Abstract Sublevel caving SLC has previously been regardedas a high dilution and low recovery mining method requiring specific orebody geometry and rock mass conditions to be successful Progress in the past 20 years at numerous operations has broken this misconception A wide range of challenges have been encountered and mitigated at operations around the world
rock fractures and caves in under the action of mining induced stresses and gravity It is a top down method with ore being extracted level by level working downwards through the orebody The caved waste rock from the overlying rock mass fills the void created by ore extraction Figure 1 shows a schematic view through a SLC mine
successfully being mined using sub level caving techniques albeit with a relatively narrow footprint compared to other sub level caving operations The mining horizon of the HWL is currently at the 9715 Level 810 m below surface The P1 Progress shoot is also being mined using sub level caving Its footprint is nominally 120 m in length
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