Are plants animate This question has been debated for centuries and the answer is not as straightforward as it may seem Plants are alive and possess many characteristics similar to other living organisms such as metabolism growth and reproduction Plants possess an array of mechanisms that allow them to move in order to survive These
Nutrient achievement by plants hinges on ion applications on superficial root assimilation capacity and plant requirement Movement of ion in plant cells is classified into active and passive
Transposable elements TEs have long been considered junk DNA; however the availability of genome sequences and the growth of omics databases have accelerated the study of TEs and they are now considered evolutionary signatures TEs essential genetic elements in plant genomes can move around the genome by either cut paste DNA
Ethylene Ethylene is a gaseous hormone in plants and its diffusion rate is extremely low in water The rapid accumulation of ET is an important way in which plants respond to waterlogging Alpuerto et al 2016; Hartman et al 2019a b 1 Aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylic acid ACC the direct precursor in the biosynthesis of ET is produced in large quantities
Introduction Gene silencing is a molecular mechanism that knocks down the gene expression in plants both in nature and in response to external stimuli Wassenegger 2002 It plays a pivotal role in plant defense mechanisms by detecting an aberrant RNA via nonsense mediated messenger RNA mRNA decay NMD which could be fatal in case of remains in the RNA
This import mechanism has deep evolutionary roots as an FHY1 like protein is present and required for phytochrome responses in the basal land plant Marchantia polymorpha 63 and FHY1 mediated
Results here showed the wide variety of mechanisms underlying the processes of plant invasions including clonality morphological and physiological plasticity plant soil feedbacks or phytotoxicity Also studies in this Special Issue were conducted to test the impact of invasive species over native communities and emphasized the
Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate ammonium ions and available amino acids from organic sources Plant nitrate and ammonium transporters are responsible for nitrate and ammonium translocation from the soil into the roots The unique structure of these transporters determines the specificity of each transporter and
To survive the host anti viral RNA silencing plant viruses have evolved counter defence mechanisms by encoding multi functional proteins that can suppress RNA silencing [47 60 62] These viral suppressors of RNA silencing VSRs inhibit RNA silencing at various steps of the pathways such as binding siRNA duplexes to prevent RISC formation
Plant stress is a significant challenge that affects the development growth and productivity of plants and causes an adverse environmental condition that disrupts normal physiological processes and hampers plant survival Epigenetic regulation is a crucial mechanism for plants to respond and adapt to stress Several studies have investigated the role of DNA
5 1 Structural defence mechanisms A Pre formed or pre existing defense structures The first line of defense of a plant against pathogens is its surface which the pathogen must adhere to and penetrate if it is to cause infection Some structural defense are present in the plant even before the pathogen comes in contact with the plant Such structure include the
Mechanical stimuli together with the corresponding plant perception mechanisms and the finely tuned thigmomorphogenetic response has been of scientific and practical interest since the mid 17th century As an emerging field there are many challenges in the research of mechanical stress Indeed studies on different plant species
Main Conclusion This article discusses the complex network of ion transporters genes microRNAs and transcription factors that regulate crop tolerance to saline alkaline stress The framework aids scientists produce stress tolerant crops for smart agriculture Abstract Salinity and alkalinity are frequently coexisting abiotic limitations that have emerged as archetypal
Additionally the study of the plant s response mechanisms to MP/NP stress is still shallow and the accumulated data across multi omics is limited currently Thus comprehensive utilization of multi omics technologies to unveil the plant s response mechanisms to MP stress probably be an effective avenue for future research 5
The ability of plants to tolerate high salinity varies between and within species 4 which enables us to identify gene loci and natural variations that are critical for salt stress tolerance in plants Fundamental studies in the model plant Arabidopsis have revealed many genes that are required for salt stress tolerance and applications of some of these genes to
There are different photosynthetic mechanisms and potential in C4 and C3 plants In the light reaction of photosynthesis C4 plants have superior light capture and conversion efficiency than C3 plants benefiting to water lysis and oxygen production Liu et al 2020 The proton gradient generated in water lysis is further beneficial for the synthesis of
By contrast recent discoveries have shed light on the plant mechanisms that regulate AM interactions mostly because of plant based genetics omics and advanced microscopy technologies Box 1
The Research Topic titled Abiotic stress adaptation and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants explores cutting edge research on mechanisms that allow crop plants adapt to and tolerate abiotic stresses This editorial aims to provide an overview and critical analysis of the book s contents which include 35 original research articles and
The potassium K concentration is closely related to the regulation of osmosis the membrane potential and enzyme activity in plants Hasanuzzaman et al 2018 A high cytosolic K /Na ratio in the cytoplasm is necessary for normal plant growth and development Under saline alkali stress conditions a large influx of Na into the cytoplasm can causes the
The occurrence of adverse environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures and irregular water supply have become more intense and unpredictable due to climate change which can hinder the growth and survival of plants Yeung et al 2018 To withstand such conditions different mechanisms have been developed by plants to adjust their
Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment impacting plants growth and development These stress factors such as drought salinity and extreme temperatures are often interrelated or in conjunction with each other Plants have evolved mechanisms to sense these environmental challenges and make adjustments to
Plants often need to bend their organs during their growth and development It is a complex process and the different mechanisms involved are discussed in the light of recent findings about genes
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